Comparison of Analog and IP Access Control Systems

What’s the Best Access Control System

Network-Attached IP Access Control vs. Analog Separately Wired Access Control Systems

When designing or upgrading a physical security system, one of the key architectural decisions is whether to use network-attached access control (also known as IP-based access control) or a separately wired access control system, often utilizing proprietary multiple wire harnesses.

Here’s a breakdown of how these two systems compare:

System Architecture of Access Control Systems

There are three different access control system architects. They all provide similar basic access control functions, but IP-attached access control systems have greater expandability and capability. In general, the IP door control systems offer a simpler wiring solution compared to the analog systems.

Network-Attached IP Access Control

• Network-attached or IP access control systems utilize Ethernet cabling to connect access control devices, such as door controllers and readers, to the IP network.
• The controllers and readers are usually powered via PoE (Power over Ethernet), eliminating the need for separate power lines.
• The devices are addressable on the network, enabling remote configuration and diagnostics.
• An IP access control system includes Access Control Management software that runs on a PC, making it easy to keep up to date.

Separately Wired Access Control

An analog access control system uses many wires to communicate between the controller and the door readers

• Each component (reader, lock, door sensor) is wired individually back to a central controller panel using dedicated wiring.
• Power and data lines are run separately, typically using custom low-voltage cabling.
• Each system uses proprietary wiring infrastructure and dedicated control panels. Although many wires from the controller to the door are similar, there is no general standard for wiring, resulting in numerous variations across manufacturers.

Hybrid Access Control Systems

There are also hybrid access control systems that utilize small controllers located at the door, along with standard multi-wire door readers.

The controllers are connected to the network and offer all the benefits of IP-based systems. These systems provide the advantage of being compatible with a wide range of door readers, from older classic card readers to the latest mobile credentials and biometric readers.

Installation & Infrastructure of IP Access Control Versus Analog Systems

Now, let’s compare the installation time required for IP access control to the analog systems.

Network-attached IP access control systems utilize the existing network infrastructure, whereas analog systems require dedicated wiring between the controller and door readers. The wiring harness is thicker than network wire, so larger access holes are required to make the run between the controller and the door reader.

There are other advantages to the IP door access system. For example, IP systems tend to be much more expandable, since you just need to add a door reader to the existing network. Analog systems may require a new controller and rewiring to the central panel.

Feature	Network-Attached	Separately Wired
Cabling	Uses existing or shared network cabling (Ethernet/PoE)	Requires dedicated low-voltage wiring for each door
Ease of Installation	Easier and faster to install, especially in modern or remodeled buildings	More labor-intensive and time-consuming
Scalability	Highly scalable – just add to the network	Requires wiring back to the central panel, limiting scalability

Cost Considerations between IP and Analog Door Control

IP access control offers the advantages of simplicity and lower installation costs.

Network-Attached IP Access Control

• Lower installation costs (fewer cables, faster deployment).
• Requires PoE switches and possibly network infrastructure upgrades.
• Cost-effective for multi-site or growing organizations.

Multi-Wired Analog Wired Door Control

• Higher upfront wiring costs, especially in large or complex buildings. Network wire is smaller and less cumbersome than the multi-wired harnesses required in older analog systems.
• Controllers and proprietary hardware may drive up long-term costs. The controllers usually can support only four door readers, making the installation more complex and more challenging to manage.
• If you have a legacy system that uses the multi-wired approach, then it can be cost-effective compared to changing the complete system architecture. However, it is essential to consider all the costs, including installation and potential future expansion, before making a decision.

Flexibility & Expandability

IP access control systems are more expandable and are easier to integrate with other security systems, such as IP Camera Systems and intercoms, creating an enhanced security system. To learn more, see our discussion on the Integration of IP Cameras and Door Access Control and more.

Reliability & Maintenance

It’s easier to detect and troubleshoot failures in IP access control systems because the information is available on the network and can be detected by the management software.

Connection points are a common source of failures in electronic systems, so IP systems, with fewer wires, offer higher reliability than multi-wire systems.  

Maintenance of analog systems is more challenging because resolving the issue may require tracing wires and isolating the source of the problem.

Security

In the early days of IP door control introduction, a debate arose regarding the security of IP access control systems. The addition of encrypted network protocols has alleviated concerns over the security of IP door access control.

Summary Table Comparing IP Door Systems and Analog Systems

Category	Network-Attached Access Control	Separately Wired Access Control
Cabling	Ethernet (PoE)	Dedicated low-voltage wiring
Installation	Quick and efficient	More complex and labor-intensive
Cost	Lower install, scalable long-term	Higher upfront, less scalable
Flexibility	Easy to expand and reconfigure	Rigid and more challenging to modify
Remote Management	Full support	Limited or local-only
Cybersecurity	Requires protection	Minimal exposure
Physical Reliability	Depends on network uptime	Less network-dependent

To learn more, see our video describing the pos and cons of IP and Analog access Control Systems.

Which Should You Choose: IP or Analog?

So, which system is best for you? Here is a summary.

• Choose Network-Attached if you need scalability, remote management, and lower installation costs. It’s ideal for modern buildings, multi-site businesses, and integrated security systems.
• Choose the analog system for smaller systems, legacy infrastructure, or environments where network access is limited, or security requires isolation.

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If you need help selecting the best Access Control System, please call us at 1-800-431-1658 in the USA or 914-944-3425 worldwide, or use our contact form.